### Lesson Plan: Technical Drawing - Architraves (Senior Secondary 3)
**Topic:** Architraves - Semi-Circular, Lancet, Segmental, Tudor, Parabolic, Elliptical, Flat Gauge, etc.
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#### **Objective:**
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. Identify and classify different types of architraves.
2. Understand the geometric principles underlying each type of architrave.
3. Create precise technical drawings of various architraves using standard drawing tools.
#### **Materials Needed:**
- Drawing boards
- T-squares
- Set squares
- Compass
- Protractors
- Pencils (HB and 2B)
- Erasers
- Rulers
- Paper (A3 or A4 technical drawing paper)
- Visual aids (images/diagrams of different architraves)
- Overhead projector/interactive whiteboard (if available)
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#### **Lesson Duration:**
2 hours (120 minutes)
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### **Lesson Plan Breakdown:**
**1. Introduction (15 minutes)**
- **Greeting and Attendance:** Take attendance and greet the students.
- **Lesson Introduction:**
- Briefly discuss previous lessons/topics to build context.
- Introduce the topic of architraves—explain what they are and their importance in architecture.
- **Learning Outcomes:** Clearly state the objectives of the lesson.
**2. Theory: Types of Architraves (30 minutes)**
- **Explanation of Each Type:**
- **Semi-Circular Arch:** Explain its geometry, structural aspects, and common uses.
- **Lancet Arch:** Describe its pointed structure, association with Gothic architecture.
- **Segmental Arch:** Explain its segmental shape and structural efficiency.
- **Tudor Arch:** Describe its elliptical shape with a slight point, common in Tudor architecture.
- **Parabolic Arch:** Explain the significance of the parabola in structural engineering.
- **Elliptical Arch:** Discuss its geometric properties and aesthetic appeal.
- **Flat Gauge Arch:** Explain its flat or nearly flat shape, typically used in door and window openings.
- **Visual Aids:**
- Use diagrams and images to show each type of architrave.
- Discuss practical applications and examples in real-life architecture.
**3. Practical: Drawing Architraves (60 minutes)**
- **Drawing Setup:**
- Set up drawing boards and tools.
- Ensure each student has the necessary materials.
- **Step-by-Step Drawing Instructions:**
- **Semi-Circular Arch:**
- Draw a straight base line.
- Mark the center of the line, then use a compass to draw a perfect semi-circle above the base line.
- **Lancet Arch:**
- Draw two equal straight lines converging to a sharp point above the base line.
- **Segmental Arch:**
- Draw a straight base line, use a compass to draw an arc that is a segment of a circle above the base line.
- **Tudor Arch:**
- Draw an ellipse with a slight point at the top.
- **Parabolic Arch:**
- Draw a base line, construct a parabola using appropriate geometric methods.
- **Elliptical Arch:**
- Draw an ellipse using the string method or an ellipse template.
- **Flat Gauge Arch:**
- Draw a nearly flat arc above the base line.
- **Supervision and Assistance:**
- Walk around the class to ensure students are following steps correctly.
- Provide individual assistance as needed.
**4. Conclusion and Recap (10 minutes)**
- **Summary:**
- Recap key points about different types of architraves and their properties.
- Discuss any common mistakes and how to avoid them.
- **Questions and Answers:**
- Allow time for students to ask questions.
- **Assignment:**
- Assign homework to draw a specific type of architrave discussed in class.
- Collect the drawings for assessment in the next class.
**5. Cleanup and Dismissal (5 minutes)**
- Ensure all drawing materials are properly put away.
- Briefly preview what will be covered in the next lesson.
- Dismiss the class.
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### **Assessment:**
- Evaluate students' in-class drawings on accuracy, neatness, and understanding of geometric principles.
- Homework assignment to be graded for understanding and application of concepts discussed.
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### **Notes for the Instructor:**
- Be patient and provide clear explanations.
- Use encouraging language to support students' learning.
- Adapt the pace based on the students' understanding and proficiency.
- Be prepared to use alternative methods if students are struggling with a particular concept.
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This lesson plan is developed to ensure students have both theoretical knowledge and practical drawing skills for various types of architraves as part of their technical drawing curriculum.